Conventional Cytogenetic Report

This report is learning about ordinary cytogenetic, and we will concentrate on a strategy called ‘karyotyping’. This repot will present about the definition, the history and the upgrades of karyotyping made previously, what is the procedure and the working standard of this method and furthermore how if can be applied in our every day life. Karyotyping is a test to analyze chromosomes in an example of cells, which can help distinguish hereditary issues as the reason for a confusion or sickness. The term ‘karyotyping’ is originated from ‘karyotype’, which is the trademark chromosome supplement of an eukaryote species.The arrangement and investigation of karyotypes is a piece of cytogenetics. In the center and late eighteenth century, researchers knew about the nearness of chromosomes yet experienced issues contemplating them in view of their incredibly little size. Chromosomes were first seen in plant cells by a researcher called Karl Wilhelm von Nageli in 1842, yet since the examples they took had little chromosomes. After the advancement of hereditary qualities in the mid twentieth century, when it was valued that the arrangement of chromosomes, the karyotype was the transporter of the genes.Another researcher Levitsky appears to have been the first to characterize the karyotype as the phenotypic appearance of the substantial chromosomes, rather than their genic substance. It took until the center 1950s until it turned out to be commonly acknowledged that the karyotype of people included just 46 chromosomes. Or maybe strangely, the incredible chimps have 48 chromosomes. Human chromosome 2 was shaped by a merger of genealogical chromosomes, which lessening the number. Examination concerning the human karyotype took numerous years to settle by two well known researchers: Hans von Winiwarter and Theophilus Shickel Painter.Hans von Winiwarter analyzed ordinary human diploid cells to attempt to characterize the quantity of chro mosomes that people have. In his time, surmises extended from 16 to 36. He utilized the most impressive magnifying instruments accessible in his day in one of the main exact karyotyping endeavors, and checked explicitly somewhere in the range of 46 and 49 chromosomes in his examples in 1912. He reasoned that females had two X chromosomes and guys had just a single X chromosome and no Y chromosome. Theophilus Shickel Painter in 1922 was not sure whether the diploid number of people was 46 or 48, from the start preferring 46.He reexamined his assessment later from 46 to 48, and he accurately demanded people having a XX/XY framework. What's more, there are two propelled abilities in karyotyping. The first is Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), this strategy will explore the utilization of virtual karyotypes for demonstratively testing renal epithelial tumors. First is to assess 25 filed renal neoplasms where sub-characterization couldn't be rendered dependent on morphology and other auxiliary investigations. At that point it will create virtual karyotypes with the Affymetrix 10 K 2. 0 mapping exhibit stage and recognize the nearness of genomic sores over every one of the 22 autosomes.The second one is Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), it is goingâ to examine the whole genome for varieties in DNA duplicate number. Absolute genomic DNA is disconnected from test and reference cell populaces, differentially named and hybridized to metaphase chromosomes or DNA microarrays. The relative hybridization force of the test and reference signals at a given area is then corresponding to relative duplicate number of those successions in the test and reference genomes. The increments and diminishes in the force proportion legitimately demonstrate DNA duplicate number variety in the genome of the test cells.

Speech Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discourse Code - Essay Example The discourse code of University of Pennsylvania, for example, is made with an expect to secure the more extensive understudy network on the grounds. The code plainly puts impediment on the discourse and lead with regards to the privileges of different understudies. No understudy is permitted to utilize dangers, savagery and threatening vibe against the other. The college gives severe principles against such occasions and shields understudies from the segregation and inclinations that win in the cutting edge globalized world. The teaching propensities and codes of the college referenced are planned for getting ready understudies for their future lives. The code of University of Pennyslvania can experience a protected test and might be articulated illegal in light of the fact that it doesn't permit the understudies to unreservedly speak (Lewin 2003). My present working environment has a discourse code and it is embraced to maintain a strategic distance from any sort of abhor wrongdoin gs happening inside the work environment. Before the discourse code was actualized the working environment saw numerous battles occurring between the laborers. The working environment without a discourse code can have a few issues in light of the minorities taking part in the occupations. Blacks are the most focused in the work environments as a result of their lower positions.

The Bicycle Diaries

The Bicycle Diaries 1. So my sister bought me a bike. Its a used bike, but its still red and shiny, and it works, and I need one because I live as far away from campus as you can possibly get. She rode it over last night and locked it up for me, after which we took the bus to Harvard to see a comedy show. We spent quality sister time together for a bit before I rode the bus back. 2. I am back at the student center, conveniently without my sister, and I find my bike. I take the key out, stick it in the lock, and yank. No luck. I brace myself against the bike rack and jerk the lock upwards, almost pulling the plastic part off the metal (it is a U-Lock, even though its chaining up a bike that was only $20). It is after midnight. A few people walk by and I wonder vaguely how much it looks like I am stealing this bike. I decide probably a lot, because even though I look like (and am) a fairly non-threatening awkward Asian girl I am yanking at a valuable chained object with a half-ripped HARVARD POLICE DEPARTMENT sticker on it. I continue to yank. 3. Victory! The lock comes off! 4. Theres a little black plastic part on the main bar of the bike where I assume the lock is supposed to go while you are riding the bike. Again, another good ten minutes (during which I probably could have made it home on foot) are spent trying to jam the lock into the holder. 5. Hello? Hey Unni, how are you supposed to put the lock in the holder? You slide it in. I am sliding it in. Hold it so it looks like a U, not a horseshoe, and slide it in. Theres a notch. Its not sliding in. Youre probably trying to jam it in. Slide it in. I AM sliding it! Do you see the notch? Slide the notch in. IM SLIDING THE NOTCH IN. Hold it like a- I AM SLI- oh, theres a NOTCH. Thanks, Unni. Good night. 6. I am riding hands-free. Literally. My hands have literally fallen off because Ive forgotten that it is very cold in New England, especially in November, especially when you are riding at high speeds (read: 5 mph, because I am having horrifying thoughts of smashing into sidewalks, cars, and New House since I havent ridden a bike in a few years)(Whoever invented the phrase like riding a bicycle has clearly never ridden a bike at one in the morning in East Coast weather after having spent twenty minutes wrestling with the lock), and I dont have gloves yet because I come from a place where gloves are like a weird, unnecessary type of sock. 7. Remember when you drove (or when I drove, because you might still, but I no longer drive in college), and you parked your car, and all you had to do was press a button to lock your car and you were good to go? Parking a car was never my favorite part of driving, but parking a bicycle is an exponentially horrifying experience. So as I attempt to lock it up outside, another good ten minutes are spent simply releasing the lock (you press the notch and THEN slide this time), and then on opening the lock (I look less like I am stealing, since Im only unlocking a lock that is locked to nothing, yet I still feel like the Harvard Police Department is going to spring out of a bush and detain me for stealing a bike lock). Then I realize that there is absolutely nowhere to lock it up, unless I lock it to another bike, with which I imagine the other owner would not be too pleased, or to a tree, which could probably be cut down if someone was really that insistent on stealing my $20 already-sk etchy-looking bicycle. I resolve my issues for the night by taking it up to my room, effectively waking a disgruntled Mr. Neha, and going to sleep. I dream of a time where bicycles never need to be locked up, everyone got into MIT, and celestial bodies never got their planetary statuses revoked. You know what would be cool? If you guys wrote me postcards. I would take pictures of them and post them in the blog, and itd be like PostSecret, except itd be PostQuestion, or just PostCard.. I was getting my mail today and almost fell to my knees in anguish because every time we ever get mail, it is always, ALWAYS for Mr. Neha. She is just so much more popular with the postal service. (I personally like Death Cab for Cutie better, but shh, theyre my guilty pleasure music.)(You dont actually have to send me postcards, itd just cheer me up after having lost my hands to severe wind chill.) I promise the next post will be college essay-related, and I know you guys have already sent in your early action applications (GO YOU!), but I really just wanted to bring you a post dedicated to the fact that I am, indeed, the most ridiculous person alive.

Malcolm X Essay - 1737 Words

Malcolm X The fifties and sixties were a crazy time to live; riots were happening, many Civil Rights Movement leaders were speaking in the streets, and student sit-ins were held. Many radical activists were preaching their thoughts on racism and things needed for equality. Some people felt it necessary to turn the other cheek to violence while others claimed it to be a right to defend themselves. The major figures in the Civil Rights Movement had their own opinions on how to equalize society. Martin Luther King, Jr. felt that a peaceful movement was the best route to freedom. I discovered after much research that famous African American figures tended to side with Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad on the best approach. Rosa Parks, Maya†¦show more content†¦After his conviction of theft, he served a total of seventy-seven months in three different prisons. He had asked for the last transfer to have access to a better library. These are not traits of an honorable man. During his incarcerati on Malcolm took advantage of the opportunity to grasp all the knowledge he could. He had always wanted to be a lawyer and now had the chance to study law. He even attended classes in jail consisting of English and Latin. â€Å"But it was Malcolm’s discovery of black history and the advances made by African civilizations, especially the ancient Egyptian civilization, that created his insatiable appetite for knowledge,† (Jenkins 451). Malcolm learned history and realized how important this knowledge was to advance the freedom and separation of Africans in America, not of America. This appetite he gained was one that would never cease, he carried it with him everywhere he went. Now these are traits of an honorable man. Malcolm decided one day while speaking with a fellow inmate that he needed to change his life and beliefs. This man, Jason Elton Bembry, led him to Allah and the Nation of Islam. After adopting this new religion, Malcolm decided to eliminate his surname of Little and take the badge of â€Å"X†. â€Å"The black Muslim X was regarded as a badge representing the rejection of the slave name and the beginning of a symbolic search for one’s ancestral identity,† (Jenkins 578).Show MoreRelatedMalcolm X2364 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction Malcolm X is seen as quite a controversial person. His admirers see him as a courageous human rights activist who campaigned for the rights of African Americans and showed white America how racist it was. His enemies see him as a racist, anti-Semitic and violent person. Malcolm X was orphaned early in life. At the age of six his father was killed and it has been rumoured that white racists were responsible. Seven years later his mother passed away after which he lived in a seriesRead MoreMalcolm Of The Malcolm X Journey2039 Words   |  9 PagesThe Malcolm X Journey Malcolm Little was born in the mid twentieth century, these were difficult times for the black youth. As Little grew older he knew there needed to be change, he was one of the few people that was capable of making that happen for the fellow African-American and African. At a very young age Malcolm grasped the concept that there s something not right, that there needed to be an alteration and thus is where he started his studies. Malcolm needed to be outspoken he wanted toRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X962 Words   |  4 PagesMalcolm X On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born to Louise and Earl Little. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm was the seventh of eleven children. Malcolms father, Earl, was a Baptist minister from Reynolds, Georgia. His mother was raised in Grenada in the British West Indies. His father was also became an organizer for Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association. Marcus Garvey and his followers fought for racial separation and more power for blacks. Growing up, MalcolmsRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1701 Words   |  7 Pagesautobiography of Malcolm X. Malcolm X was one of the most controversial Men in American history. I’m familar with the name Malcolm X however, I’m not familliar with the works and background of Malcolm X. This is why I choose to read the autobiography of Malcolm X written by himself and Alex Haley. Which gives the read an insight on his background, beliefs, and the American society then. I believe that many people including my self have misunderstood Malcolm X. I believe that Malcolm X is misunderstoodRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X791 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Malcolm X told his life story of how he overcame in his autobiography simply called The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley. His life changed the world historically, socially, and especially politically by taking a stand against racism of all kinds which still exists in today’s â€Å"modern† standards. Using his personal life experience with racism towards African-Americans, Malcolm spreads the word on equality for all with a realistic tone that inspires trust in him. Malcolm X reachesRead MoreWho is Malcolm X?1087 Words   |  5 PagesMalcolm X Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He was the son of Louise Norton and Earl Little. He lived with 7 brothers and sisters. Malcolm’s father was an outspoken Baptist minister and on various occasions received death threats forcing his family to relocate twice before Malcolm’s fourth birthday. Malcolm’s father Earl Little, was a man of the Baptist preaching community who was a supporter of large civil right movements. Earl had many encounters withRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Autobiography of Malcolm X by Alex Haley was published in 1965. It is national best seller about the life and times of Malcolm X. On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska. His father was a preacher who spoke out about the unity of black people. This caused several white racists to strike out against Malcolm’s father and his family violently. His family moved to Lansing, Michigan where Malcolm, his parents, brothers, and sisters were shot at, burned out of their home, harassedRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1346 Words   |  6 Pagesamong all of these leaders though, Malcolm X. Although fighting for the same thing as his colleagues in the civil rights movements, he was considered by many to represent the more extreme side of the battle for equa lity in the United States. It is his standout views and beliefs that make Malcolm X one of the most prominent and fascinating African-American leaders in the 1950s and 60s. Malcolm X was born May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska by the name of Malcolm Little. His childhood was plaguedRead More Malcolm X Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X Malcolm X, a civil rights leader in the 1960s believed that blacks and whites should be segregated. He also believed that white man was evil and were trying to brainwash all blacks and that Martin Luther Kings non-violent protests werent working and that violence was needed for change. Malcolm Xs life was a life with a lot of conflict and violence in it. Malcolm X was born under the name of Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His father was a baptist minister and anRead MoreThe Education Of Malcolm X Essay984 Words   |  4 Pageswrite to express your feelings and communicate with others. Frederick Douglass and Malcom X both succeeded in learning how to read and write, but in different ways. The education of Malcolm X was learned more formally. Frederick Douglass learned from his surroundings and the people around him. Malcom and Frederick battled in reading and writing, but learned in similar and different ways. During the 1960s, Malcolm X was one of many articulate and powerful leaders of black America. Before he was a street

Essay on Teaching Cultural Diversity in the Classroom

It might be surprising too many, but reading the class textbooks, and talking about cultural diversity is not enough. Hence, we ought to challenge ourselves to create methods for when we become teachers in order to be able to help our future students be more aware of cultural diversity inside the classrooms. Carrying further, as a future teacher by taking this class is helping me become more aware of students cultures other than my own. In my interview with Ashley she explained how she is a white middle class girl who always lived in the nicer part of town. On the first week she attended high school she made the decision to spend her lunchtime with the vast majority of white people in the school. Hence, for the reason that she saw that†¦show more content†¦It has armed me with sensitivity to other cultures and their beliefs. In fact, this experience even inspired her to take Spanish classes. After having this interview with Ashley, I felt like I could instantly relate to the se cultural characteristics, as I was dual language learner. Spanish was the main language we spoke at my house but I was expected to learn another language other than my own from my home and essentially I had a lot of trouble learning English. Although she did not realize it until her freshman year of high school I was able to notice how I had to go to another separate room to learn more about the English language. However, it truly impacted her when she noticed that in high school there were different types of classes for Spanish depending on the level one was in. Ofcourse I took Spanish AP literature while she took Spanish 1. Although I did take Spanish AP not all latinos may know Spanish really well. Take my brother for example who does not know how to speak or write in Spanish, had to take Spanish 1. With all this being said the schools separated students depending on the levels they were in but we both agreed that maybe they should have a mixture of students in the class wher e one may help the other who does not know so much about that language. Based on this self other ethnography assignment it helped serve me as an eye opener to helping me to realize that having inspiring teachers who can improveShow MoreRelatedCulture Is Central For Learning1500 Words   |  6 Pagespolitically by using cultural referents to impart knowledge, skills and attitudes.† Improving the school achievement of students of color who currently are not doing well in school requires comprehensive knowledge, opinions, and high-level pedagogical skills. As Geneva Gay says, â€Å"Culturally Responsive Teaching is about teaching, and the teaching of concern is that which centers the classroom instructions in multiethnic cultural frames of reference.† Culturally Responsive Teaching A Review of theRead MoreEssay on Diversity and Multicultural Education in the Classroom1561 Words   |  7 Pagesin which we learn. Educators must take special measures in the delivery of classroom instruction to celebrate the learning and cultural differences of each of their students. As communities and schools continue to grow in diversity, teachers are searching for effective educational programs to accommodate the various learning styles of each student while promoting acceptance of cultural differences throughout the classroom. It no longer suffices to plan educational experiences only for middle-or upperRead MoreDiversity in the Classroom Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity in classrooms can open student’s minds to all the world has to offer. At times diversity and understanding of culture, deviant experiences and perspectives can be difficult to fulfill, but with appropriate strategies and resources, it can lead students gaining a high level of respect for those unlike them, preferably than a judgmental and prejudiced view. Diversity has broad ranges of spectrums. Students from all across the continent; students from political refugees, indigenous AmericansRead MoreMulticultural Education Is A Method For Instruction That Values Diversity Within The Classroom1227 Words   |  5 PagesIn the United States diversity will become progressively more reflected in our schools. In our school, students are becoming increasingly diverse, by assisting pupils to attaining knowledge, attitudes they need in order to become active citizens within our society. Teaching a group of diverse students from different backgrounds, ethnic, and other cultural groups in a school environment that supports diversity within a classroom setting incorporate teaching. More importantly, it is important thatRead MoreThe Structure Of The American Family Structures933 Words   |  4 Pagesthe family structure while teaching diversity The Many Kinds of Families in Our Communities by Julie Edwards describes the many different types of fam ily structures and a brief description of each one. The next article in my research by Lin, Lake Rice comes from the Teacher Education Quarterly titled Building Relationships Between Teachers and Diverse Families. This article is very helpful as it brings teachers, students and parents together to discuss teaching diversity and understanding diverseRead MoreProfessional Training And Support For Teachers778 Words   |  4 Pagestheir teaching practice to be effective. Teachers who lack training and support are not able to address the academic achievement gap among culturally diverse students (Griner Stewart, 2012, p. 589). Professional training and support is required for pre-service, beginning, and experienced teachers. Teacher education programs need to better prepare pre-service teachers to enter the diverse classrooms they will encounter; therefore, educating future teachers on culturally relevant teaching is necessaryRead MoreThis Paper Will Be Discussing A Recent Fifteen Hour Field1197 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipated in which I observed a classroom which included many students of diverse ethnic and cultural groups. I will discuss any prejudices/discriminations I observed in the classroom based on ethnic and cultural diversity. I will also describe how this experience has made me determined to try to create a positive learning environment for students of diversity in the classroom. Keywords: Experience, culture, ethnicity, diversity Ethnic and Cultural Diversity Field Experience Report My fieldRead MoreCulture Has On The Process Of Learning And Teaching1382 Words   |  6 Pagesculture has on the process of learning and teaching. Santoro refers to Morgan and Slade who explore cultural learning tendencies and different views of knowledge, learning and teaching. For Indigenous people, it is suggested that they consider effective learning as being ‘contextual, interdependent, subjective and motivated by community commitment and obligation’ compared to non-Aboriginals where learning tends to be ‘fragmented and theoretical’ (Santoro, 2007). This highlights the need for teachersRead MoreStudents Are Not Entering The Classroom With The Knowledge And Understanding Of Multicultural Education762 Words   |  4 PagesProblem Statement Teachers are not entering the classroom with the knowledge and understanding of the importance of multicultural literature. The students are suffering due to the lack of diverse reading literature incorporated into units of reading study. There is a need for staff developments and in-services to help educate teachers on ways to provide multicultural literacy awareness in primary schools. Objectives †¢ To heightening the awareness of the importance of multiculturalRead MoreThe Classroom Environment Should Look And Feel Welcoming For All Children949 Words   |  4 Pages Diversity is what makes each person in a classroom different from each other, even though you could be the same color of the person sitting next you, does not mean you are the same. The classroom environment should look and feel welcoming for all children. So it can show the diversity of the world in which we live in. Children should be provided with essential information about who they are and what is important, making an effort for this to happen creates a setting that is rich in possibilities

English Track Paper Free Essays

Even as an early age, I was always hypnotized whenever I watched any sport. It was as if I were starring at a wizard’s enchanted globe. I remember being fascinated with the skills demonstrated by athletes in their particular arena of sports. We will write a custom essay sample on English Track Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whether it was good dribbling skills of a basketball player, great footwork of a boxer, or incredible running power of a running back, any athlete with a good amount of skill was able to enslave my attention. My dad first encouraged my passion for sports at the age of 5. I remember watching basketball, football, boxing, track, tennis, and other sports in the living room with him. On the weekends, my dad would always spend a couple of hours throwing the football, shooting a few hoops, and racing to see who was the fastest with me. This not only fueled the flame of my sports passion, but it sowed the seeds of growth in my young physical and mental well-being. To me, my dad is like a great scientist or teacher when he introduced me to the concept that good physical and mental fitness go hand-in-hand. Even though I am an avid fan of many sports, the one I actively participated in was track. I ran track during my middle and high school years. During my middle school years, I was a decent track runner as most middle school students are. When I reached high school, I was an ok runner at first, nothing exceptional. Then my parents made the decision that would bring my running game to the next level and I didn’t even know it. During the summer after my sophomore year, my parents decided to enroll me in K-Y track club. It was basically a summer league track team that competed with other local and regional teams. When they first told me, I wanted to stage violent protests and start a bloody revolution. I was thinking, I don’t want to run in the summertime you idiots! If you think it’s such a good idea why don’t you get out there and run! † I thought to myself, wishing I had the guts to say it to my parents. Despite my protests, I was forced to go. Little did I know I was going to meet another one of my great teacher of sports; Coach Willie. Coach Willie is a well known and respected track coach in the Baton Rouge and surrounding areas. He has been coaching track for several years, and has coached several local, regional, and national champions. He was one of the greatest and most knowledgeable athletic teachers and trainers I have ever met. He re-programmed my running game to give it maximum efficiency and output, as he has done for several kids. The road to improvement was not easy; I had no clue of what I was in for during the first day of practice. The first practice took place by memorial stadium in Baton Rouge. After running many laps around the stadium, running up and down the hills the surround it, and numerous other sprints and exercises, I threw up which was usually a sign that I had a good practice, learned something, and was ready to go home. I asked one of the other kids a seasoned veteran of Coach Willie was it time to go home. He looked and laughed and said, â€Å"Practice just started that was just warm-up exercises. † I think I was too shocked to faint at first. â€Å"Just a warm-up! School track practice wasn’t this hard! † Now I really hated my parents, what kind of death-camp had they signed me up for?! I could have just gotten a job! This is pretty much how the first half of the summer went. I would wake-up thinking of a lie that could get me out of practice for the day. Try the lie on a parent, have lie fail and have to go to practice anyway. While at practice, would engage in what Coach Willie termed â€Å"up-grading† and â€Å"re-building†. Up-grading ourselves from the laziness we had acquired in his absence and re-building ourselves from the current level of garbage we were at, to the machines we should be. â€Å"I’m actually saving your lives. † Coach Willie would say as he walked watching us practicing and training with sweat-drenched bodies. â€Å"You should be paying me a hundred thousand, no a million dollars for even being out here looking at y’all. Not to mention getting you right† He would shout as he watched us from behind his aviator shades, barking commands as he watched us get in training formations like an army of well-muscled children soldiers. We were trained to be the most lethal competitors that stepped on the track at any meet we went to, to kill and dismember competition with no remorse. â€Å"Training and attitude separates winners and losers ladies and gentlemen. † Coach Willie would preach while bearing down us from beneath those shades, his silver-whistles hanging from his neck, reminding me of a slave-master’s whip. Every time he blew it, the mass of us would change exercises, or slow down or speed-up while running, mostly speed-up. For me the first half of the summer was brutal, not to mention the track meets. Whereas the competition in my school district had been kind of good the completion in summer league track was next level. I mean fourteen, fifteen and sixteen year olds were walking around reminding me of Nazi experimental super-soldiers. Every race I ran in I was pretty much punished and embarrassed. By the time the fifth or sixth meet came, Coach Willie had begun to give me a few pointers during practice and he began to gradually bring the dog in me out. I was a sprinter so he helped with getting a good start or â€Å"getting out of the starting blocks good† in track-talk. â€Å"A good start can win the first 40 yards of the 400 meter dash. So being able to get out the blocks smoothly is important† Coach Willie told me, he trained me on that and maintaining explosiveness of my speed during the race. I also begin to push myself and train a little harder during practice. It was difficult at first, but I began to notice the pointers Coach Willie was giving me would always shave a second or mille-second off my running time. I went from being last in the races, to being second-to-last, to being third-to-last, and so on. I knew I had truly made improvement when I placed third at a meet. Yes, I was actually in the top three and not last for once! I was ecstatic! Right about that time the summer track season was ending and school was re-starting. I was surprised to see myself actually feeling regret that summer-league season was over. When school track season started back I had forgotten that the competition in our school district was not on the same level as the competition in summer league track. I had gotten used to competing against some seriously good runners. The first day of track practice bore a hint of what was to come. When I emerged on the football field, which was where we practiced, something was different about me. My eyes had keen and dark look of wolf, my walk was well-coordinated like a boxer. My face bore a mean frown. My teammates watched as I stripped out of my tracksuit to warm-up. Eyes widened, jaws dropped, where there had been a skinny wimp now stood a finely-muscled, well-trained, running-assassin. I began to institute my new world order in our school track district. I quickly began decapitating the competition in track meets. I went from being a joke to being feared on the track, every meet I left opponents disemboweled on the track, showing no remorse or mercy. My teammates began to do better also; it was like we fed off each other’s dark energy. An energy which I was the first to bring to the team. It was like I was the leader of a ruthless band of mercenary and we fulfilled only the highest contracts. I remember wishing I could make a belt or necklace with the heads of fallen opponents. At the peak of my track career I was third in our school-district among sprinters. This was pretty good to me seeing as how far I had come and that the other two guys on top were very good. All of this change I owed to Coach Willie. This taught to fight and leave it all on the field in life and sports. To never give less than 100%. I owe Coach Willie much thanks, I’m glad he put that competitive attitude in me. To always be willing to out-fight, out-think, out-train, and out-work my opponent. Always try harder. Lock on it like a pit-bull terrier. This is one of the many reasons I love sports, I love when it comes down to the wire, when athletes give it their all and it is pound-for-pound, blow-for-blow, that is where training and attitude come into play, which is what sports and life is all about. How to cite English Track Paper, Papers

Frequency Heterogeneous Cellular Networks -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Frequency Heterogeneous Cellular Networks? Answer: Introducation Channel reuse provides dynamic control over the receive sensitivity so that it can easily improve the spatial reuse property of channel. Co-channel interference or CCI can be defined as the crosstalk which generally takes place from two radio transmitter which makes use of same frequency Zhu Wang, 2012). There can be several cause of co-channel radio interference like dense deployment. This ultimately relates to the fact that Co-channel interference generally reduces overall usage of channel in a particular zone or area. The channel reuse property is generally applied to some of Non-DFS channels. It is seen that it disables and does not affect the DFS radar signature detection property (Leith et al., 2012). Channel reuse property can be easily configured to operate or work in three modes namely static, Dynamic and Disable. Static mode: This particular mode of operation is totally depended or based on coverage which mainly depends on clear Channel Assessment (CCA) threshold (Jamil, Cariou Helard, 2014). In the static method or mode of operation CCA is adjusted as per the needs of configured transmission level of power of AP. Dynamic mode: In this type Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) is totally based on the loads of various kinds of channels and it also takes into account the location of associated clients. When someone makes use of Channel reuse feature to any kind of Dynamic value. This feature is automatically providing wireless medium to be around. CCA provides threshold to easily accommodate the transmission between AP and kinds of parts associated. Disable Mode: This particular mode does not provide any kind of support to tuning of CCA detection of threshold. Frequency Reuse in Cell In cellular network, frequencies are allocated to the various kinds of services which are reused in a regular area of pattern which are known as Cells. It is generally covered by various kinds of base station (Ghosh et al., 2012). In a mobile phone network these cells are generally hexagonal structure. While in radio broadcasting a similar concept or idea can be developed which is generally based or dependent on rhombic cell. For ensuring the mutual type of interference between various kinds of users which generally remain below the harmful level, adjacent type of cell generally makes of different type of frequencies. In many cases it is seen that C various types of frequencies are used for each particular type of cluster which has C adjacent cells (Novlan et al., 2012). Cluster pattern and frequencies related to it are generally reused in a regular pattern over the whole type of network which is totally used in service type of network. The total bandwidth for a provided system is co nsidered to be C times the bandwidth which is generally provided by a single cell. On the contrary in real world cells, the cells are hexagonal in nature as found in theoretical kinds of studies. Computer methods or techniques are being used for proper planning of base station location and frequencies of various kinds of cells (Saquib, Hossain Kim, 2013). The closest distance which is between the center of two cells which makes use of coverage of base station and interference from other kinds of cells. WMAN stands for Wireless Metropolitan Network which provides a platform for establishment of several wireless based LANs. In this type of connection is established which includes of metropolitan network like various kinds of building in a particular city which can be easily considered to have a connection like various building a city which can be taken or considered to have an alternative or backup to alternative layer or fiber cabling. WMAN technology can be also defined as Wireless local loop. It generally provides communication between two or more terminals with the help of a single value of access points (Bou-Harb et al., 2013). The most common type of Wireless Networking technologies is inclusive of WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). WiMAX can be defined as a broadband service which generally provides high speed connectivity over a long distance which makes it attractive to internet and various kinds of telecommunication provider (Hajli Lin, 2016). There a re certain number of issue in WiMAX network which are rouge dependent station, Dos based attacks, Man in the middle attack. The real test of WiMAX network will begin when the provider begins to make use of wide-scale network deployments and various kinds of researchers and attackers associated with it. In WiMAX there are generally two type of security issue in physical layer that are: Jamming arises by introducing a strong noise so that it can easily reduce the capacity or value of channel which can be considered to be malicious or intentional (Bellalta et al., 2014). Jamming can be easily increased by increasing the bandwidth or power of a given signal. Scrambling can be easily defined as a type of jamming which can be used for short interval of time and it has some specific sort of WiMAX frames. Scramblers can easily reduce the bandwidth of victims and can easily increase the processing of data by making use of some selective scrambling. Water torture attack: This is a type of attack which is generally based or depended on subscriber station to drain some battery or to consume some of the computing sources by sending a series of fake frames. This particular type of attack is considered to be more dangerous than Denial of service (Dos) attack because the subscriber station which is totally based on portable device which carries a large number of limited source. There are other threats which are generally associated with WMAN technology like IEEE 802.16 which is vulnerable to various kinds of attacks in which an attacker which has a sufficient radio transmitter can easily write a radio channel (Bellalta et al., 2016). When the mesh mode in the network is considered the 802.16 can be easily affected by various kinds of replay attacks in which an attacker can easily send a valid frame of attack which consist of valid frames. When this particular type of security flaw is dealt then it results in a concept which is known as mutual type or kind of authentication. From the first article that is from todays internet to future internet of things, I have concluded that this paper merely focusses on various kinds of Internet of things. I have learned about the present situation or value of things which must be integrated into the heterogeneous system (Gamage et al., 2014). This paper provides a summary of things which are in our opinion as the main wireless and technical challenges which are generally in relation to various kinds of technical challenges and it also address the various kinds of technical which must be addressed so that it can easily provide development of IOT and its acceptance in the upcoming years. Although the concept or idea of IOT have changed a lot in last few years but there are some technical challenges which have many kinds of technical issues which might not have been solved which is inclusive of heterogeneity, security, connectivity, management and identification. After analyzing the privacy and security factor an idea has been gathered about reasoning capabilities and method of collection of storing of data about the working environment in which data can be used easily (Florwick et al., 2013). In the energy management topic, I have come across various phases of energy like harvesting, conservation and consumption which is considered to be a major kind of issue. The development of novel solution provides maximum amount of energy in phase of paramount. Effective communication and networking in a dense network generally need some protocol at the lower end which can support to various kinds of wireless Network. Various kinds of issue like medium access control, error cont rol and Quality of service should be incorporated in the various design. After reading the paper on Design and Simulation of State of Art ZigBee Transmitter for various kinds of IOT devices, I have concluded that the paper focus on rapid development in Wireless Networking which has been encountered in the last few years. Wireless Networking focus on high speed and long range of application. I have analyzed that increasing or growing demand of low data and low power of Networking have led to the development of a technology which is known as ZigBee. This technology was mainly developed for WPAN which stands for Wireless Personal Area Network. It is directed at control which provides support at control and military application. It provides low cost, low rate of data with much more battery life. ZigBee is well known standard which generally defines a set of protocol which can be used for communication. ZigBee based devices generally operate on various kinds of frequency band namely 868MHz, 915 MHz and other 2.4 GHz bands. This device has maximum rate of data which is 250K bits per second. The following paper addresses architectural block of ZigBee transmitter. Advancement of VLSI technology has led to the development of efficient, small and flat design. ZigBee has many applications in the field of Internet of Things because of the fact that it that has a low power and low rate of device. References Bellalta, B. (2016). IEEE 802.11 ax: High-efficiency WLANs.IEEE Wireless Communications,23(1), 38-46. Bellalta, B., Faridi, A., Barcelo, J., Checco, A., Chatzimisios, P. (2014, May). Channel bonding in short-range wlans. InEuropean Wireless 2014; 20th European Wireless Conference; Proceedings of(pp. 1-7). VDE. Bou-Harb, E., Fachkha, C., Pourzandi, M., Debbabi, M., Assi, C. (2013). Communication security for smart grid distribution networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,51(1), 42-49. Florwick, J., Whiteaker, J., Amrod, A. C., Woodhams, J. (2013). Wireless lan design guide for high density client environments in higher education.Design guide, Cisco. Gamage, A. T., Liang, H., Zhang, R., Shen, X. (2014). Device-to-device communication underlaying converged heterogeneous networks.IEEE Wireless Communications,21(6), 98-107. Ghosh, A., Mangalvedhe, N., Ratasuk, R., Mondal, B., Cudak, M., Visotsky, E., ... Dhillon, H. S. (2012). Heterogeneous cellular networks: From theory to practice.IEEE communications magazine,50(6). Hajli, N., Lin, X. (2016). Exploring the security of information sharing on social networking sites: The role of perceived control of information.Journal of Business Ethics,133(1), 111-123. Jamil, I., Cariou, L., Helard, J. F. (2014, May). Improving the capacity of future IEEE 802.11 high efficiency WLANs. InTelecommunications (ICT), 2014 21st International Conference on(pp. 303-307). IEEE. Leith, D. J., Clifford, P., Badarla, V., Malone, D. (2012). WLAN channel selection without communication.Computer Networks,56(4), 1424-1441. Novlan, T. D., Ganti, R. K., Ghosh, A., Andrews, J. G. (2012). Analytical evaluation of fractional frequency reuse for heterogeneous cellular networks.IEEE Transactions on Communications,60(7), 2029-2039. Saquib, N., Hossain, E., Kim, D. I. (2013). Fractional frequency reuse for interference management in LTE-advanced hetnets.IEEE Wireless Communications,20(2), 113-122. Zhu, R., Wang, J. (2012). Power-efficient spatial reusable channel assignment scheme in WLAN mesh networks.Mobile Networks and Applications,17(1), 53-63.